The topic that I chose to write about for my essay was about gendered robots and whether AI and robots should be assigned a gender. Through researching around this topic I found various experiments such as the one conducted by F. Eyssel and F. Hegel in which it was concluded that gender is a social construct. One of the things that I had never really noticed before completing this essay is just how much gender is used within AI to make us interact with it in a certain way. Even something as simple as using gendered voices on busses and trains can have an impact on us. One of the thing I touched on within this essay is how a female voice is used as it can be identified and heard more easily one the voices of commuters due to its higher pitch. I also discovered that the reason behind AI assistants such as Cortana, Siri, Alexis and Google Assistant all having female voices was because they come across as friendlier and encourage more user interaction. I also talked about the television show 'Humans' and how this depicts a society in which Robots and humans live side by side. It raises many ethical and moral questions about whether it is right to create robots and Ai for our own gain and what happens if those robots start to develop a conscience. In relation to the various design movements of the past, I feel it related most to surrealism. Though the connection may not be immediately obvious I have made this link because surrealism is all about imagination and expressing dream, something which I feel the show Humans does. Man Ray is a surrealist artist and his pieces 'Glass Tears' (1932) and 'Dora Marr' (1936) both illustrate the struggles that some of the synths within this show go through, especially the ones who have consciousness. During the process of writing my essay I also watched some TED Talks about gender and the development of AI. One of these talks was by Martine Rothblatt in which she talks about her transition from male to female. One of the things she said was that her 5 year old daughter would say 'I love my dad and she loves me'. A statement which makes shows how gender is a taught concept. I also watched a talk by David Hanson called 'Robots that show emotion' in which he talked about how robots care evolving to be able to develop emotion, leading them to become more human like. Although it is not directly linked to the topic of my essay I found it interesting because it talked about the developmental aspects of robots and AI. The video linked below is a talk by Maurice Conti about AI and how it had developed from being passive to becoming more intuitive. In it he talks about how Ai is becoming more intelligent and how in the future it could be used to help solve issues such as climate change. It brings up the question whether AI should be used for personal gain or if using AI to make the world a better place is a positive or negative thing?
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Many artists have been inspired by and commented on the fact that we are constantly being watched within their work. For example Monty Python. Flying Circus featured a comedy sketch about 'How Not to be Seen'. It showed various people being blown up because of their location being known. It could be interpreted as a comment on how the government is always watching and can easily find out where you are at any given moment. The Society of the Spectacle is a book written by Guy Debord in 1967. It outlines what Guy feels the future of our society is, commenting on many aspects of modern culture, including celebrity culture and consumerism. He also mentions about how it has become almost impossible to be original and unique and how we are always seen.
Hunted is another example of this. It is a television show that first aired in 2015. It follows a group of people who are trying to go off grid. They have to evade a team of intelligence officers for 28 days who's only goal is to capture them. Very few people have managed to evade capture, and it's not really surprising with the hunters being able to track things such as phone use, card use, social media use as well as talking to members of their family and hacking into CCTV. Hito Steyerl is a german designer who creates a lot of work around society and social media. One of the pieces that she has created entitled 'Being Invisible can be Deadly' in which she shows various ways to make yourself invisible. It is done in a comedic way and brings attention to how as a society we are constantly being watched and recorded for both crime prevention and safety. Chris Marker is a french filmmaker. In 1953 he crated a film entitled 'Statues Also Die' which commented on how French colonialism had an impact on African art and how the meaning of art changes when that art is removed from the culture in which it was made. Music is used within this film to enhance it. Camera Obscura uses an optical device that uses the basic principle of light to form a temporary image on a screen. The above image shows the basic principle of how this works. The projected image is upside down and only appears for a short space of time. Below are some examples of what the image will look like once projected.
Pop art challenged the traditions of fine art by including various imagery from popular culture. There are many famous artists and designers who have influenced and become household names through this movement. Andy Worhol: He took capitalist materials and created mass produced art based on them, many interpret this to be a comment on the mass produced world of the 1950's and 60's. Warhol blurred the boundaries between high are and low culture by borrowing imagery from any source and creating his artwork out of it. Roy Lichtenstein: In his work Lichtenstein would use bright, bold and energetic colours but only a small colour palette. Although the colours that he used were very limited he considered his choice carefully, unlike Warhol who used colours very loosely. Robert Rauschenberg: Had a more chaotic composition within his pieces and used a much wider range of elements and focal points, with one image having multiple focal points. I like the work of Rauschenberg because it is very much surreal and makes use of collage. James Rosenquist: The approach that he takes to creating a design is similar to that of Rauschenburg's, his designs are chaotic and hyper real, allowing for everyone to interpret them differently. The main difference between Rosenquist's work and Rauschenburgs work is that the work of Rosenquist is much cleaner. Peter Blake: Blake was inspired and very much fascinated by American culture. Within his designs he used flat and bold graphic shapes and colours. One of his most well known designs is the Beetles album cover for Lonely Hearts. Pop art was such an influential movement because it allowed the notion that anyone could be an artist to flourish. It provided inspiration for many contemporary artists, and it is clear to see that the styles, type of imagery and colours that these artists have used have all been influenced by Pop Art. Below is a list of some of those artists:
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